I seem to have learned mostly offensive Taiwanese so far, but hopefully that will change as I slowly run out of offensive material. This is still one of my favourite phrases in Taiwanese, because it’s so cutting. The photo above (not mine, found on Facebook, but originally posted to ptt) had me laughing for a while during the Sunflower movement. Cabinet member Hsiao Chiachi (蕭家淇 Xiao Jiaqi) remonstrated with the press that someone ate his taiyangbings (太陽餅 a flat pastry filled with stuffing, like a moon cake) during the brief occupation of the Executive Yuan by students – obviously his major concern at a time when the Legislative Yuan was still occupied by students. The caption reads: “The ones I was going to give my colleagues were eaten too!” His words and his despair have spawned many a meme, but this one has to be my favorite. I don’t agree with the premise of the phrase, as it’s pretty offensive to call anyone stupid, and I don’t think Mr Hsiao is stupid either, his comments were just comically ill-timed. He was probably attempting to portray the students, who were being deified in the pan-green press at the time, as vandals (stealing, damaging property etc), and therefore undermine the support in Taiwan for the protest in the Legislative Yuan. This came across, however, as a passionate love for sun cakes, and utter disappointment that someone else had gotten to them first. Continue reading
Tag Archives: Taipei
Taiwanese word of the day: sông (俗) (Did you buy that at Walmart?) sông
This is an amusing term, as it describes the Walmart-esque fashion often showcased on 9gag, and the Taiwanese equivalent of it – the red tint to the hair, the blue and white flip flops, leopard prints, teeth stained by betelnut, pretty much the calling card of the 台客 – and is generally considered the broader version of the phrase 你很台 (You’re very into Taiwan style – puzzling enough this is not a compliment, it’s kind of like calling someone a chav (痞子pízi in Mandarin) in the UK).
This word is really common, and you’ll often hear it (with Taiwanese pronounciation) in Mandarin. It’s often written using the character 俗, but I don’t think that this is the actual character that it’s derived from, as the dictionary lists the romanization sông, and 俗 is pronounced sio̍h and sio̍k and means cheap when used in isolation. The other character I found it listed under – 倯 – appears just to be a phonetic rendering into Mandarin, as it doesn’t appear in any dictionaries – although I could be wrong.
This phrase is pretty useful as it can be used in Mandarin in phrases like 他很sông, to indicate your disapproval at someone dressing like they’re from Kaohsiung (only joking Kaohsiung, most Kaohsiungers are really well dressed – I’ve just been living up north for too long to have sense). The Taiwanese equivalent to that phrase would be:
伊足sông i chiok sông
or
伊真sông i chin sông
伊 i he/she 他／她
足 chiok 很*
真 chin really 真
sông out of touch/unfashionable
*There are also other ways to say 真 or 很 in Taiwanese.
A word of warning, although you may be eager to try out your Taiwanese on people, make sure that you don’t offend anyone. This may be alright to joke about with friends, but might not be appreciated if said to strangers or people you don’t know very well.
Feel free to contact me with any cool Taiwanese words or phrases you hear and want featured on the blog.
Phrase of the day: Taiwanese people are up to their ankles in money (throwback) 台灣錢，淹腳目 Tâi-ôan chîⁿ im kha-ba̍k
台灣錢，淹腳目 Tâi-ôan chîⁿ im kha-ba̍k In Taiwan, they’re rolling in money (lit.Taiwanese money floods your ankles)
If you buy Ma Ying-jeou’s line on the cross-strait trade-in-services and trade-in-goods pact, though many don’t, the end is nigh for Taiwan if it doesn’t sign. So the idea of Taiwanese swimming in money might seem slightly incredulous, but it wasn’t always this way – back in the 1980s, the “economic miracle” was in full swing, and in the words of Li Ang in her new book 《路邊甘蔗眾人啃》 (Everybody nibbles on the sugar cane at the side of the road):
要等到多年後台灣經濟蓬勃發展、八〇年代的台灣錢淹腳目，帶著大筆現金橫掃歐州精品店：「這個、這個，那個不要，其他的包起來」。
It wasn’t until years later, when Taiwan’s economy began to take off in the 1980s that the Taiwanese were really rolling in money, and swept through boutiques in Europe loaded with cash, saying: “I’ll take this, and this, I don’t want that, but can you bag up everything else for me”.
台灣 Tâi-ôan Taiwan
錢 chîⁿ money
淹 im flood or drown
腳目 kha-ba̍k ankles
Feel free to contact me with any cool Taiwanese words or phrases you hear and want featured on the blog.
Taiwanese word(s) of the day: country bumpkin face 莊腳面 chng-kha bīn ; ‘Ancient meaning’=earnest 古意 kó͘-ì
I was flicking through one of Wu Nien-zhen’s plays the other day, called Human Condition 2 (《人間條件2》) and came across two phrases that I thought sounded rather funny. The first was 莊腳面 chng-kha bīn, basically meaning that someone’s face looks like they’re from the countryside, or a bumpkin – which got me wondering what this kind of face looks like. It’s not always used in the negative, as it can imply innocence or directness and honesty too, I guess it depends on what your opinion on people from the countryside is. I found an answer on Yahoo which gives quite a good explanation of 莊腳 and other terms, although I’m not sure if the first three are still used in Taiwanese: Continue reading
Sing to speak Taiwanese: Verse 1 ‘The hustle and bustle is all a dream’ 會唱就會講台語：〈繁華攏是夢〉第一段
This song was a big hit for Taiwanese singer Jiang Hui (江蕙) but I first heard a cover version by Crowd Lu (盧廣仲) – the guy with the bowl-hair cut and socks up to his knees from that annoying breakfast song with “duiya duiya” consisting of at least half the lyrics.
The lyrics as they are often written in KTV are written with some characters that are simply rendered phonetically into Mandarin and aren’t the original Taiwanese characters: Continue reading
Taiwanese phrase of the day: Ha Ha Ha! (I’m crying inside) 鬱鬱在心底， 笑笑陪人禮 ut ut tsāi sim té, tshiò tshiò puê lâng lé
鬱鬱在心底， 笑笑陪人禮 ut ut tsāi sim té, tshiò tshiò puê lâng lé
This phrase is one of a list that I got one of my friends to recite for me, it basically means that somebody is all smiles on the outside but is miserable inside. Just because you want to use the phrase, however, is not a valid enough reason to suggest to someone that they’re fun-loving friend might need therapy, although I have met a lot of people to whom this phrase could be applied. The audio is below, along with a helpful explanation in Mandarin.
Quick note just to say that I use two different but similar dictionaries for this blog, a university one and the Ministry of Education one, but one of them keeps breaking down, the phonetic system used is the same on the whole, but there are some differences, for example “tshiò” here for 笑 is written “chhiò” in the other dictionary and similarly “tsāi” here for 在, can also be written “chāi”, though this is just two representations of the same sound.
I haven’t yet updated the google doc of differences between Taiwanese and Mandarin pronunciation for this post (an ongoing experiment), but check it out here and see if you observe any patterns.
Photo: Cheezburger.com
Taiwanese phrase of the day: If there’s no fish, shrimp’s ok too 無魚，蝦嘛好 bô hî, hê mā ho
無魚, 蝦嘛好 bôhî, hê mā hó (Click each syllable for pronounciation or click below for whole phrase)
This phrase basically means, “something’s better than nothing,” rather loosely illustrated here in a drawing by Arvid Torres (you should have been happy with the shrimp). It can be used to refer to someone’s partner too, as in, “he really scraped the bottom of the barrel with that one,” as used in Taiwanese author Li Ang’s latest novel, to portray the racist and misogynist tendencies of Taiwanese men in the anti-government pro-democracy protests of the 1980s:
陳英俊因一般女性仍不敢靠近，基本上沒有太多的選擇，加上林慧淑頗具吸引力的姿色，很快的確定了兩人的關係。
(As no normal women [Lin Hui-shu is the product of a mixed marriage between a mainland soldier and an aboriginal woman] dared to be associated with Chen Ying-jun, he really didn’t have much choice, and as, Lin Hui-shu was really quite attractive, the two quickly entered into a relationship.)
雖然偶有政治犯同學戲稱他無魚蝦也好，但多半是羨慕又帶嫉妒。 (Although some of his political prisoner comrades joked with him that he was really scraping the bottom of the barrel, most admired him with a little bit of jealousy mixed in.)
You’ll note that she uses it directly as an adjective here, Subject + adjectival phrase.
This phrase also works in Mandarin – hurrah!
Phrase of the Day – Duck hears thunder 鴨仔聽雷
A very apt description for the way some people have looked at me when I try to speak Taiwanese to them, somewhat equivalent to “like a deer in the headlights”, but in reference to hearing something that you can make neither head nor tail of. It’s nice that it conjures up a very specific image in your head. Suggested use – if you can get it out and be understood – is to use it to break the ice after a Taiwanese friend looks at you like a duck hearing thunder.
I will update the google doc soon. Feel free to contribute phrases you’ve heard, songs you can sing in Taiwanese, or recordings of you speaking Taiwanese.
(No ducks were harmed in the making of this post)
Reunification activist, or just a crazy guy in a car? 統一份子／瘋子？
Have been showing my little sister round Taipei, which occasioned the customary visit to Taipei 101. After the guided audio tour around the top – which is basically an extended advertisement by the Taipei City Government – and the trawl through the layers of gift shops set up to make it feel like a complete tourist trap, we descended back to ground level and caught sight of this guy driving around the district:
The message on top of the car says “Long live China” then underneath it says “We’re all one family”. He’s a pro-reunification activist – hoping that China can incorporate Taiwan, which is currently an independent country – although the majority of people I saw reacted to him more with incredulity or amusement than anything else.
The area outside Taipei 101 is often an interesting place to visit, as Falungong practitioners meet with mainland tour groups, along with other tourists. Falungong is banned in Mainland China, after a mass rally was organized by practitioners, which Beijing saw as a threat to its authority.
Paul Farrelly, a doctoral candidate at Australian National University and contributor to eRenlai, did a slideshow on the Falungong protesters which gather around the main sites visited by mainland tourist groups in Taipei, watch it here:
Taiwanese Language
I’ve been making an effort to learn more Taiwanese lately, and have been trying to find some sort of pattern between Mandarin and Taiwanese that can provide me with an alternative method than just memorizing by heart. Some Taiwanese I’ve picked up from TV, KTV songs and from the Human Condition (《人間條件》 series of plays that I researched for my masters, but my vocabulary is limited to the very basic at the moment, so I hope that by starting a blog I’ll be more motivated. My approach to the language is not going to be scientific, but rather I’m going to rely on my own perceptions to build up an idea of how grammar and pronunciation rules work on my own terms, although I’m familiar with some of the rules around the language, as we were taught a limited amount as part of my master program.
Most of the phrases I’ve learned so far have only been simple greetings, basic common phrases or insults, as below:
你好: lí–hó [Click on each syllable to hear it] (Strangely enough, to my ear the direction of the tone mark seems to be counter-intuitive, as I would describe it as a slowly falling 4th tone.) – Hello
Going to test a few theories, as I continue learning:
你
we see “n” turn to “l” [and this may be limited to a third tone in Mandarin when followed by an “i” or may not] [ㄋ->ㄌ]
“i” (zhuyinㄧ) remains similar in Mandarin and Taiwanese [which may be limited to when preceded by an “n” in Mandarin and an “l” in Taiwanese] [ㄧ->ㄧ]
好
“h” remains similar in both Taiwanese and Mandarin [which may be limited to when it’s followed by “ao” in Mandarin and “o” in Taiwanese or not] [ㄏ->ㄏ]
“ao” changes to “o” [which may be limited to when it’s preceded by “h”] [ㄠ->ㄛ]
Tones: I know that in speech, tones are affected by tones sandhi, but for the minute I’m going to ignore this, as I’m taking individual vocabulary and tone marks from a dictionary – later I’ll try and examine this in more depth
Tones: Third tones in Mandarin change to second tone (high-falling – ˥˧ (53) [Tainan] or falling – ˥˩ (51)[Taipei]) in Taiwanese [3->2]
這個人我熟似 chit-ê lâng góa se̍k-sāi (我認識/熟悉) – I know that guy/person
這
“zh” in Mandarin changes to “j”/”ch” in Taiwanese [which may be limited to when it’s followed by “e” in Mandarin or “it” in Taiwanese] [ㄓ->ㄐ]
“e” in Mandarin changes to “it” in Taiwanese [which may be limited to when it’s preceded by “zh” in Mandarin or “j/ch” in Taiwanese] [ㄜ->ㄧㄊ]
Tones: Fourth tone in Mandarin changes to fourth tone (low stopped – ˨˩ʔ (21) [Tainan] or mid-stopped – ˧˨ʔ (32) [Taipei] in Taiwanese [4->4]
個
“g” in Mandarin disappears [which may be limited when followed by “e” (ㄜ) in Mandarin] [ㄍ->_]
“e” in Mandarin turns into “e” (sounds like ei ㄟ in Mandarin) in Taiwanese [May be limited to when it’s preceded by a “g” in Mandarin, and has no final] [ㄜ->ㄟ]
Tones: neutral tone in Mandarin changes to fifth tone (rising – ˨˦ (25) [Tainan] or ˩˦ to ˨˦ (14~24) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [5->5]
人
“r” in Mandarin turns into “l” in Taiwanese [may be limited to when followed by “en” in Mandarin or “ang” in Taiwanese] [ㄖ->ㄌ] *Note* I’ve also head 人 is pronounced “jîn” in different contexts
“en” in Mandarin turns into “ang” in Taiwanese [may be limited to when preceded by “r” in Mandarin and “l” in Taiwanese] [ㄣ->ㄤ]
Tones: Second tone in Mandarin turns into fifth tone (rising – ˨˦ (25) [Tainan] or ˩˦ to ˨˦ (14~24) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [2->5]
我
“w” in Mandarin turns into “g” or “gu” in Taiwanese [may be limited to when followed by “o” (ㄛ) or “oa” (ㄨㄚ) in Taiwanese] [ㄨ (initial) -> ㄍㄨ/ㄍ]
“o” in Mandarin turns into “oa” in Taiwanese [may be limited to when preceded by a w in Mandarin or a “g” in Taiwanese] [(ㄨ)ㄛ->ㄨㄚ]
Tones: Third tones in Mandarin change to second tone (high-falling – ˥˧ (53) [Tainan] or falling – ˥˩ (51)[Taipei]) in Taiwanese [3->2]
熟
“sh” in Mandarin changes to “s” (sounds like sh) in Taiwanese [limited to followed by “ou” in Mandarin or “ek” in Taiwanese] [ㄕ->ㄕ]
“ou” in Mandarin changes into “ek” in Taiwanese [limited to following “sh” in Mandarin] [ㄡ->ㄧㄎ]
Tones: Second tone in Mandarin turns into eighth tone (high stopped –˥ʔ (5) [Tainan] or high stopped – ˦ʔ (4) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [2->8]
似
“s” in Mandarin changes to “s” in Taiwanese [may limit to preceding “i” in Mandarin or “ai” in Taiwanese] [ㄙ->ㄙ]
“i” in Mandarin changes to “ai” in Taiwanese [may limit to following “s” and “sh”] [~(i)->ㄞ]
Fourth tone in Mandarin turns into seventh tone (mid – ˨ (22) [Tainan] or mid- ˧ (33) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [4->7]
我相信 góa siang-sìn/siong-sìn – I believe
我(see above)
相
“x” (ㄒ) in Mandarin turns into “s” (sh) in Taiwanese [which may be limited to when followed by “i” with nasal final] [ㄒ->ㄒ]
“iang” in Mandarin remains as “iang” in Taiwanese [may limit to following “x”] [ㄧㄤ->ㄧㄤ]
or “iang” in Mandarin turns into “iong” in Taiwanese [may limit to following “x”] [ㄧㄤ->ㄩㄥ]
Tones: First tone in Mandarin turns into first tone (high – ˦ (44) [Tainan] or high – ˥ (55) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [1->1]
信
“x” (ㄒ) in Mandarin turns into “s” (sh) in Taiwanese [which may be limited to when followed by “i” with nasal final] [ㄒ->ㄒ]
“in” turns into “in” in Taiwanese (sound the same) [ㄧㄣ->ㄧㄣ]
Tones: Fourth tone in Mandarin turns into third tone (low – ˩ (11) [Tainan] or low-falling – ˧˩ to ˨˩ (31~21) [Taipei]) [4->3]
白癡 pe̍h-chhi – Idiot
白
“b” in Mandarin turns into “p” in Taiwanese (though may be the same sound) [may limit to preceding “ai”] [ㄅ->ㄅ]
“ai” in Mandarin turns into “eh” (sounds like “ei” ㄟ) [may limit to following “b”] [ㄞ->ㄟ]
Tones: Second tone in Mandarin turns into eighth tone (high stopped –˥ʔ (5) [Tainan] or high stopped – ˦ʔ (4) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [2->8]
痴
“ch” in Mandarin turns into “chh” (pronounced similar to q/ㄑ in Mandarin) in Taiwanese [may limit to preceding “i”] [ㄔ->ㄑ]
“i” (~) in Mandarin turns into “ih” in Taiwanese (sounds like ㄧ (i)) [may limit to following “ch” in Mandarin or “chh” in Taiwanese] [~(i)->ㄧ]
Tones: First tone in Mandarin turns into first tone (high – ˦ (44) [Tainan] or high – ˥ (55) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [1->1]
流目屎 lâu-ba̍k-sái (流眼淚) – To cry
流
“l” in Mandarin remains “l” in Taiwanese [may limit to followed by “iu”] [ㄌ->ㄌ]
“iu” in Mandarin becomes “au” in Taiwanese [may limit to preceded by “l”] [ㄧㄡ->ㄠ]
Tones: Second tone in Mandarin turns into fifth tone (rising – ˨˦ (25) [Tainan] or ˩˦ to ˨˦ (14~24) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [2->5]
目
“m” in Mandarin becomes “b” in Taiwanese [may be limited to preceding “u” in Mandarin or “ak” in Taiwanese] [ㄇ->ㄅ*nasal]
“u” in Mandarin becomes “ak” in Taiwanese [may be limited to following “m” in Mandarin or “(m)b” in Taiwanese] [ㄨ->ㄚㄎ]
Tones: Fourth tone in Mandarin becomes eighth tone (high stopped –˥ʔ (5) [Tainan] or high stopped – ˦ʔ (4) [Taipei]) in Taiwanese [4->8]
“sh” in Mandarin becomes “s” in Taiwanese [may be limited to preceding ~(i)] [ㄕ->ㄙ]
“i” in Mandarin becomes “ai” in Taiwanese [may be limited to following “sh” and “s”] [~(i)->ㄞ]
The list goes on, but I’ll save the two Taiwanese songs I know for later posts. Below are a list of theoretical rules for shifting between Mandarin and Taiwanese, most of which are obviously not the case, but I will improve upon it as I go along:
| [~(i)->ㄞ] | preceding ㄙ | 似 | 屎 | |||||
| [~(i)->ㄧ] | preceded by ㄔor ㄕ or ㄙ | 痴 | 是 | 死 | ||||
| [~i->ㄨ] | before ㄙ | 思 | ||||||
| [1->1] | 相 | 痴 | 心 | 思 | 風 | 中 | 花 | |
| [1->8] | 一 | |||||||
| [2->2] | 啥 | |||||||
| [2->5] | 人 | 流 | 頭 | 眠 | 無 | 情 | 叢 | |
| [2->8] | 白 | 熟 | ||||||
| [3->2] | 你 | 好 | 我 | 死 | 阮 | |||
| [3->4] | 骨 | |||||||
| [4->3] | 信 | 看 | ||||||
| [4->4] | 這 | 物 | ||||||
| [4->7] | 似 | 是 | 夢 | 夜 | 念 | |||
| [4->8] | 目 | |||||||
| [5->5] | 個 | |||||||
| [ㄅ->ㄅ] | followed by ㄞ | 白 | ||||||
| [ㄆ->ㄅ] | before ㄤ | 旁 | ||||||
| [ㄇ->ㄅ*nasal] | followed by ㄨ,ㄧㄢ, ㄥ | 目 | 眠 | 夢 | 面 | |||
| [ㄈ->ㄏ] | followed by ㄥ | 風 | ||||||
| [ㄉ->ㄉ] | before ㄚ | 大 | ||||||
| [ㄊ->ㄊ] | followed by ㄡ | 頭 | ||||||
| [ㄋ->ㄌ] | followed by ㄧ, ㄧㄢ | 你 | 念 | |||||
| [ㄌ->ㄌ] | followed by ㄧㄡ | 流 | ||||||
| [ㄍ->_] | followed by ㄜ | 個 | ||||||
| [ㄍ->ㄍ] | followed by ㄨ, ㄨㄚ | 骨 | 瓜 | |||||
| [ㄎ->ㄎ] | followed by ㄢ | 看 | ||||||
| [ㄏ->ㄏ] | followed by ㄠ, ㄨㄚ | 好 | 花 | |||||
| [ㄐ->ㄎ] | followed by ㄧㄠ | 腳 | ||||||
| [ㄑ->ㄐ] | followed by ㄧㄥ | 情 | ||||||
| [ㄒ->ㄒ] | followed by ㄧㄤ | 相 | 西 | 心 | ||||
| [ㄓ->ㄉ] | followed by ㄨㄥ | 中 | ||||||
| [ㄓ->ㄐ] | followed by ㄜ | 這 | ||||||
| [ㄓ->ㄗ] | followd by ㄤ | 莊 | ||||||
| [ㄔ->ㄑ] | followed by ~ | 痴 | ||||||
| [ㄕ->ㄕ] | followed by ~(i), a | 是 | 啥 | |||||
| [ㄕ->ㄙ] | followed by ~(i) | 屎 | ||||||
| [ㄖ->ㄌ] | followed by ㄣ | 人 | ||||||
| [ㄖ->ㄍ] | followed by ㄨㄢ | 阮 | ||||||
| [ㄖ->ㄐ] | followed by ㄣ | 人 | ||||||
| [ㄘ->ㄗ] | followed by ㄨㄥ | 欉 | ||||||
| [ㄙ->ㄕ] | followed by ~(i) | 死 | ||||||
| [ㄙ->ㄙ] | followed by ~ | 似 | ||||||
| [ㄚ->ㄧㄚ(n)] | preceded by ㄕ | 啥 | ||||||
| [ㄚ->ㄨㄚ] | before ㄉ | 大 | ||||||
| [ㄛ->ㄨㄚ] | preceded by ㄨ | 我 | ||||||
| [ㄜ->ㄟ] | preceded by ㄍ | 個 | ||||||
| [ㄜ->ㄧㄊ] | preceded by ㄓ | 這 | ||||||
| [ㄞ->ㄟ(h)] | preceded by ㄅ | 白 | ||||||
| [ㄡ->ㄠ] | preceded by ㄊ | 頭 | ||||||
| [ㄡ->ㄧㄎ] | preceded by ㄕ | 熟 | ||||||
| [ㄢ->ㄨㄚ~n] | preceded by ㄎ | 看 | ||||||
| [ㄣ->ㄤ] | preceded by ㄖ | 人 | ||||||
| [ㄣ->ㄧㄣ] | preceded by ㄖ | 人 | ||||||
| [ㄤ->ㄧㄣ] | after ㄆ | 旁 | 莊 | |||||
| [ㄥ->ㄤ] | preceded by ㄇ | 夢 | ||||||
| [ㄥ->ㄨㄥ] | preceded by ㄈ | 風 | ||||||
| [ㄧ->ㄐ] | isolated | ㄧ | ||||||
| [ㄧ->ㄧ] | preceded by ㄋ | 你 | ||||||
| [ㄧ->ㄧㄊ] | isolated | 一 | ||||||
| [ㄧ->ㄨㄚ] | isolated | 倚 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄝ->ㄧㄚ] | isolated | 夜 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄠ->ㄚ] | preceded by ㄐ | 腳 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄡ->ㄠ] | preceded by ㄌ | 流 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄢ->ㄧㄣ] | preceded by ㄇ | 眠 | 面 | |||||
| [ㄧㄣ->ㄧㄣ] | preceded by ㄒ | 信 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄤ->ㄧㄤ] | preceded by ㄒ | 相 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄤ->ㄩㄥ] | preceded by ㄒ | 相 | ||||||
| [ㄧㄥ->ㄧㄥ] | preceded by ㄑ | 情 | ||||||
| [ㄨ (initial) -> ㄍㄨ/ㄍ] | followed by ㄛ | 我 | ||||||
| [ㄨ->ㄚㄎ] | preceded by ㄇ | 目 | ||||||
| [ㄨ->ㄛ] | isolated | 無 | ||||||
| [ㄨ->ㄧ(h)] | preceded by ㄨ(initial) | 物 | ||||||
| [ㄨ->ㄨㄊ] | preceded by ㄍ | 骨 | ||||||
| [ㄨ(initial)->ㄅ] | isolated | 無 | ||||||
| [ㄨ(initial)->ㄇ] | followed by ㄨ | 物 | ||||||
| [ㄨㄚ->ㄨㄟ] | preceded by ㄍ, ㄏ | 瓜 | 花 | |||||
| [ㄨㄢ->ㄨㄣ] | preceded by ㄖ | 阮 | ||||||
| [ㄨㄥ->ㄤ] | preceded by ㄘ | 欉 | ||||||
| [ㄨㄥ->ㄩㄥ] | preceded by ㄓ | 中 |